Ketogenic diet could protect the brain against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's

A study recently published by researchers at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, suggests that the ketogenic diet could be a significant weapon in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases that primarily affect older people, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.

The ketogenic diet involves a drastic reduction in carbohydrates and an increase in fat and protein consumption. This change prompts the body to enter a state of ketosis — the process by which the body produces ketones as its primary energy source, replacing the glucose derived from carbohydrates.

The brain's protective mechanisms

The study highlights several ways in which the ketogenic diet may protect the brains of older adults. When neurones experience an energy deficit — a common problem in Alzheimer's disease — ketones can act as an alternative fuel source, helping to stabilise brain function.

Animal studies have shown that ketones can reduce the inflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, stimulate the process of autophagy (by which cells "cleanse" themselves), and support the growth of gut bacteria that are beneficial to optimal brain function.

Limitations and precautions

Although the findings are promising, researchers caution that the majority of studies reviewed were conducted on animals rather than humans. "Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the long-term effects, safety, and practicality of the ketogenic diet in clinical settings," the study's authors note.

Experts believe the ketogenic diet could serve as a complementary metabolic intervention, supporting existing treatments by increasing metabolic resilience and contributing to the management of neurodegenerative disease symptoms.

For older adults interested in the potential benefits of this dietary regimen, consulting a specialist before making any changes is essential, given the complexity and possible contraindications of the ketogenic diet at an advanced age.