Isotopic Therapy: How Radiation Treatment Administered from Within the Body Works

Radiation used for therapeutic purposes is not only applied from outside the body. There are conditions for which a radioactive substance is introduced directly into the organism, so that it reaches primarily the cells requiring treatment.

This method, known as isotope therapy or radionuclide therapy, relies on radiopharmaceutical substances capable of identifying and binding to specific tissues or structures on the surface of affected cells. Once it reaches its target, the isotope emits radiation over a limited range, designed to destroy the diseased cells whilst minimising exposure to the surrounding healthy tissue.

Examples of its use include radioactive iodine treatment for certain thyroid conditions, as well as lutetium therapy, used in the case of certain neuroendocrine tumours or some forms of prostate cancer.

The recommendation for this type of treatment depends on the nature of the disease and on confirmation that the target sought by the radioactive substance is present in the patient. Prior to administration, doctors assess kidney function, bone marrow status, and other relevant parameters. Following treatment, the patient receives temporary guidance regarding radiation protection.

The entire process is planned and overseen by a team specialising in nuclear medicine, and the treatment may involve several sessions, depending on the body's response and each patient's tolerance.

Article supported by SANADOR.