Extreme Heat in Romania: Essential Recommendations for Protecting the Elderly

In the context of red weather warnings issued for almost the entire country, the Ministry of Health has requested the urgent activation of action plans aimed at reducing the medical risks associated with extreme temperatures. Authorities are preparing for a significant increase in emergency calls, and ambulance services have received clear instructions to place crews on alert and deploy additional staff where demand is greatest.

Severe weather conditions across the country

Forecast maximum temperatures will range between 35 and 41 degrees Celsius, with the highest values recorded in Banat and Crișana. The red heat warning affects 16 counties on Sunday, and from Monday the warning has been extended to cover almost the entire country, with the exception of Brăila, Buzău, Constanța, Tulcea, Ialomița and Călărași counties, where an orange warning is in effect. The warning remains active until 1 July.

Why older people face the greatest risks

Elderly people are among the most vulnerable groups during heatwaves, as the ageing body struggles to regulate its core temperature and the sensation of thirst may be diminished or absent altogether. Severe dehydration, heatstroke, and the worsening of chronic cardiovascular, renal or respiratory conditions represent real and immediate risks for older adults. For this reason, authorities are calling for particular vigilance on the part of family members and care workers.

Hydration — the number one priority

The Ministry of Health recommends a daily intake of at least 1.5–2 litres of fluids, without waiting to feel thirsty. During periods of extreme heat, drinking a glass of water every 15–20 minutes is advisable. Caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea, cola), sugary drinks, and alcohol — including beer and wine — should all be avoided, as they promote dehydration and reduce the body's ability to cope with the heat.

Nutrition and cooling down

Consuming fruits and vegetables with a high water content — watermelon, plums, cucumbers, tomatoes — is strongly recommended. Yoghurt provides hydration equivalent to a glass of water. Lukewarm showers, without drying off completely afterwards, help to maintain core body temperature. Wearing sun hats and loose, lightweight clothing made from natural fibres in light colours is essential when going outdoors.

Practical advice for older adults and carers

• Avoid going outdoors between 11:00 and 18:00
• Set air conditioning to approximately 5 degrees below the outside temperature; do not use fans if the temperature exceeds 32°C
• Spend at least 2–3 hours each day in cool spaces if you do not have air conditioning at home
• Avoid strenuous physical activities such as sport, gardening, and heavy household chores
• Offer fluids to elderly people regularly, even if they do not ask for them

A call for solidarity with older people

Authorities stress that elderly people living alone, those with disabilities, and those with chronic conditions must be closely monitored during these days. Neighbours, relatives, and acquaintances are urged to maintain regular contact with older people in their circle and to check on their health daily. Public health directorates are also verifying stocks of emergency medicines held at healthcare facilities, particularly for conditions that are aggravated by extreme heat.