Contents
What is parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's disease occurs when the neurons that produce dopamine in the brain begin to deteriorate. Dopamine is essential for controlling movement.
The disease progresses slowly — many patients live well for many years with proper management. Medication (levodopa) is effective, especially in the early stages. Regular physiotherapy is essential for maintaining mobility.
In advanced stages, difficulties may arise including: swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), cognitive impairment, and hallucinations. At this point, care in a specialist facility often becomes necessary.
Disease stages
Early stage
Mild tremor (usually in one hand), minimal rigidity and slight slowing of movement. The person remains independent in most activities. Medication (levodopa) is very effective at this stage.
Moderate stage
Symptoms affect both sides of the body. Balance problems, freezing of gait and difficulties with daily activities appear. Response to medication becomes less predictable (on-off fluctuations).
Advanced stage
Significant dependence for daily activities, increased risk of falls, possible swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and cognitive impairment. Requires constant supervision and specialist care.
Main symptoms
🚨 When to seek medical help
When you notice persistent resting tremor, slowing of movement, rigidity, gait difficulties or balance problems.
Care needs
- Regular adapted physiotherapy
- Medication administered at fixed times (critical!)
- Fall prevention (grab rails, non-slip flooring)
- Assistance with eating (dysphagia in advanced stages)
- Coordination and balance activities
- Speech therapy
Family role
Family must understand that Parkinson's is a disease with daily fluctuations — the patient may be mobile in the morning and almost immobile in the afternoon. Patience and adaptation to these fluctuations are essential. Participating in physiotherapy sessions and providing constant encouragement helps enormously in maintaining the patient's morale.
Prevention
- Regular physical exercise (reduces risk by 30%)
- Diet rich in antioxidants
- Moderate coffee consumption (studies suggest a protective effect)
- Avoiding exposure to pesticides