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What is alzheimer's disease?
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that gradually destroys brain cells. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60–70% of all diagnosed cases.
The disease usually begins after the age of 65, although early-onset forms do exist. Progression is slow but inevitable — from the loss of recent memory to a complete inability to function independently.
Although there is no cure, an early diagnosis allows: long-term care planning, access to medication that slows progression, family preparation, and legal and financial decisions while the patient can still participate.
Disease stages
Early stage (mild)
Occasional forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, misplacing objects. The person still functions independently but needs occasional assistance. Family members notice subtle changes. This is the best time for diagnosis and long-term care planning.
Middle stage (moderate)
Increased confusion, wandering, behavioural disturbances (agitation, suspicion), difficulties with dressing and hygiene. Requires constant supervision. This is the stage at which most families seek a specialist care home. It can last 2–10 years.
Late stage (severe)
Near-total loss of memory, inability to communicate, complete dependence for all daily activities, swallowing difficulties. Requires permanent medical and palliative care. Comfort and dignity become the main priorities.
Main symptoms
🚨 When to seek medical help
When you notice persistent forgetfulness that affects daily life, confusion in familiar situations, difficulties with routine activities, or unexplained personality changes.
Care needs
- Secured environment (coded doors, wandering prevention)
- Daily cognitive stimulation (games, music, reminiscence)
- Stable, predictable routine
- Adapted communication (short sentences, patience)
- Continuous 24/7 supervision
- Staff trained in dementia care
Family role
Family plays an essential role in caring for a person with Alzheimer's. Regular visits, familiar objects (photographs, favourite music) and participating in activities together help enormously. At the same time, carer burnout is real — support groups and respite care are vital resources. Do not hesitate to ask for help.
Adapted environment and safety
A specialist Alzheimer's care home must have: coded entry doors (wandering prevention), safe circulation areas (obstacle-free, with grab rails), clear visual signage (colours, pictograms), 24/7 supervision by trained staff, a secured therapeutic garden, and adequate lighting (reduces night-time confusion).
Prevention
- Regular physical exercise (30 min/day)
- Intellectual stimulation (reading, games, learning new things)
- Mediterranean diet
- Active socialisation
- Control of hypertension and diabetes
- Adequate sleep (7–8 hours)