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What is pressure ulcers (bedsores)?
Pressure ulcers (bedsores, decubitus ulcers) are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on an area. They occur most often in patients who are confined to bed or a wheelchair.
Common locations: sacrum (tailbone), heels, elbows, shoulder blades, ears. Stages: I (persistent redness), II (blister/erosion), III (deep wound), IV (exposed bone/muscle).
Prevention is far easier and cheaper than treatment. A good care home has a strict pressure ulcer prevention protocol.
Main symptoms
🚨 When to seek medical help
At the first appearance of a red area that does not blanch under pressure. Untreated pressure ulcers deteriorate rapidly and can become life-threatening.
Care needs
- Repositioning every 2 hours
- Anti-pressure mattress (alternating pressure or foam)
- Rigorous skin hygiene (cleansing, moisturising)
- Adequate nutrition (protein, vitamins)
- Specialist dressings
- Daily skin monitoring
Family role
Family can contribute to pressure ulcer prevention through regular visits to check the skin and ensure that staff are following the repositioning protocol. Open communication with the care team about any skin changes observed is essential for timely intervention.
Adapted environment and safety
An appropriate environment for preventing and treating pressure ulcers requires: alternating-pressure mattresses, positioning cushions (elbows, heels, sacrum), breathable bed linen, temperature-controlled rooms, and quick access to specialist dressing materials.
Prevention
- Frequent repositioning (at least every 2 hours)
- Anti-pressure mattresses and cushions
- Impeccable skin hygiene
- High-protein diet
- Adequate hydration
- Heel and elbow protectors