Ischaemic Stroke and Pulmonary Thromboembolism - Major Risks for Seniors

Serious cardiovascular conditions such as ischaemic stroke and pulmonary thromboembolism pose grave threats to seniors' health, and are known as "invisible enemies" due to the silent way in which they initially present.

An ischaemic stroke occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted by a blood clot or arterial blockage. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability in elderly people, manifesting through symptoms such as sudden weakness on one side of the body, speech or vision disturbances, and severe dizziness.

Pulmonary thromboembolism occurs when a blood clot — usually formed in the deep veins of the legs — travels through the circulatory system and blocks the pulmonary arteries. This complication can be fatal and presents with chest pain, difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, and fainting.

Risk factors for these conditions include advanced age, diabetes, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, prolonged inactivity, and certain medications. Seniors are particularly vulnerable due to the natural changes in the cardiovascular system that accompany ageing.

Prevention plays a crucial role and includes maintaining an active lifestyle, keeping blood pressure and diabetes under control, avoiding smoking, and adhering to any anticoagulant treatment prescribed by a doctor. Regular physical exercise, adapted to one's age and health condition, can significantly reduce the risk of developing these complications.

Rapid recognition of symptoms and prompt medical assistance are essential for saving lives and minimising lasting damage. If a stroke is suspected, it is vital to call the emergency number 112 within the first few minutes of symptom onset.

Managing these conditions requires a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, neurologists, and emergency medicine specialists. Prompt treatment with thrombolytic drugs can save the patient's life and prevent permanent damage to the affected organs.