Contents
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a disease that reduces bone density and quality, making bones fragile. It is called the 'silent disease' because it has no symptoms until the first fracture.
Post-menopausal women are most affected (declining oestrogen accelerates bone loss). Hip fracture in older adults is the most serious consequence — with 20% mortality at one year.
Diagnosis is made by DEXA scan (bone densitometry). Treatment includes: bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise.
Main symptoms
🚨 When to seek medical help
After any fracture from minimal effort, when height decreases by more than 2 cm, or for screening after age 65.
Care needs
- Calcium and vitamin D supplementation
- Balance and strengthening exercises (fall prevention)
- Specific medication (bisphosphonates)
- Environmental adaptations (grab rails, non-slip surfaces)
- Periodic DEXA monitoring
Family role
Family must ensure that the older person's home is adapted to prevent falls: grab rails, non-slip mats, adequate lighting. Encouraging regular physical exercise and a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D makes a major difference in fracture prevention.
Prevention
- Weight-bearing exercise (walking, dancing, stair climbing)
- Adequate calcium (1,200 mg/day after age 50)
- Vitamin D (800–1,000 IU/day)
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol
- DEXA screening after age 65 (women) / 70 (men)