Thermal shock from air conditioning: a major risk for elderly people on sweltering days

Heatwaves conceal a lesser-known danger

During a heatwave, the threat to health comes not only from high outdoor temperatures, but also from the sudden transition between the exterior heat and the artificially cooled air inside homes, offices, or cars. Medical specialists warn that this phenomenon, known as thermal shock, can have serious consequences, particularly for elderly people.

What is thermal shock and why does it affect older people more

Thermal shock occurs when the body is subjected to rapid and extreme temperature fluctuations. The human body, and especially that of older individuals, cannot adapt quickly enough to these sudden changes. The cardiovascular system is the first to be affected, as blood vessels contract or dilate abruptly, placing additional strain on the heart.

Elderly people are far more vulnerable to these fluctuations, as the body's natural thermoregulation mechanisms weaken with advancing age. Pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, high blood pressure, or diabetes significantly amplify the risks associated with thermal shock.

Symptoms to watch out for

Signs that may indicate thermal shock include dizziness, headaches, sudden weakness, palpitations, breathing difficulties, or even loss of consciousness. Should any of these symptoms appear, it is essential that the elderly person be moved to a shaded area or a temperate space, and that emergency medical assistance be sought immediately.

Practical recommendations for seniors during heatwave periods

• Avoid moving suddenly from outdoor heat into heavily air-conditioned spaces
• Set the air conditioning to a temperature no more than 7–8 degrees lower than the outdoor temperature
• Stay hydrated consistently, even if you do not feel thirsty
• Avoid going outdoors between 11:00 and 17:00, when temperatures reach their daily peak
• Wear lightweight, light-coloured clothing, and use hats or sun parasols
• If you live alone, inform a neighbour or family member on days of extreme heat

The message from specialists to family members and carers

Doctors recommend that those caring for seniors at home or in residential centres pay particular attention to how they manage the temperature in living spaces. Sudden and excessive cooling of rooms can be just as harmful as prolonged exposure to heat. Monitoring the health of elderly people during heatwave periods and maintaining regular contact with their GP are essential measures for preventing serious complications.