The level of caffeine in the blood can influence weight and diabetes risk in older adults

International research conducted by specialists from Sweden and the United Kingdom reveals that caffeine levels in the blood may have a significant impact on body composition and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This finding is particularly relevant for older adults, who are more susceptible to these metabolic conditions.

The study, carried out by researchers from prestigious institutions including the Karolinska Institute, the University of Bristol, and Imperial College London, demonstrated that individuals with naturally higher concentrations of caffeine in their blood have a lower body mass index and reduced body fat. These effects contribute substantially to lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The genetic analysis was conducted on nearly 10,000 participants, focusing on the genes responsible for caffeine metabolism, including CYP1A2 and the AHR gene. The researchers observed that individuals who metabolise caffeine more slowly retain the substance in their bodies for longer, thereby benefiting from its protective effects, even if they consume fewer caffeinated beverages.

Methodology and scientific findings

Using the technique of "Mendelian randomisation", the specialists were able to establish clear links between genetic factors, caffeine levels, body weight, and predisposition to various conditions. The results confirmed a direct relationship between higher plasma caffeine concentrations and a reduction in body mass index.

"Approximately half of the effect of caffeine on predisposition to type 2 diabetes was estimated to be mediated through BMI reduction," the researchers explained in their published paper. This finding suggests that the benefits of caffeine in relation to diabetes are partly dependent on its ability to influence body composition.

Implications for cardiovascular health

Interestingly, the study did not identify a direct link between blood caffeine levels and major cardiovascular conditions, such as stroke, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation. This observation is important for older adults who are concerned about the effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system.

The researchers emphasised that "small, short-term clinical trials have shown that caffeine intake results in reductions in weight and fat mass, but the long-term effects of caffeine intake are unknown." This clarification is essential for older individuals who regularly consume caffeine.

Given the widespread consumption of caffeine globally, specialists consider that "even its modest metabolic effects could have significant health implications." For older adults, these findings may offer new perspectives on weight management and the prevention of type 2 diabetes through simple and safe dietary adjustments.