West Nile Virus Confirmed in 12 European Countries, Including Romania. ECDC Warning

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has confirmed the presence of the West Nile virus in 12 countries across the continent and is urging member states to take urgent surveillance and pest control measures, warning of an increased risk of transmission among the general population.

What is the West Nile virus and what symptoms does it cause?

West Nile is an arbovirus transmitted primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes. In most infected individuals, the illness presents similarly to a mild bout of flu; however, in some cases it can progress to severe neurological complications.

Symptoms of the disease

• Fever, headaches, and muscle pain
• Nausea and skin rashes
• In severe cases: meningitis, encephalitis, visual disturbances, coma, or paralysis

Celine Gossner, an ECDC expert in zoonotic diseases, stated: "The spread of West Nile virus transmission, as well as that of invasive mosquito species, shows that Europe must strengthen its mosquito control capacity."

A far wider spread than in 2025

The number of infections has risen significantly compared to the same period last year, when cases had been reported in only 67 regions across 9 countries.

The 12 European countries with confirmed West Nile cases

• Albania
• Austria
• France
• Germany
• Greece
• Italy
• Kosovo
• Netherlands
• North Macedonia
• Romania
• Serbia
• Spain

The spread of the tiger mosquito — an additional alert

In addition to West Nile, the ECDC is also drawing attention to the rapid spread of the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), a species capable of transmitting diseases such as Dengue and Chikungunya. This invasive mosquito is now present in 16 European countries — twice as many as 12 years ago — a development attributed to climate change and the high temperatures experienced during summer months.

Is there a vaccine against the West Nile virus?

The World Health Organisation confirms that, at present, there is no authorised vaccine and no specific antiviral treatment for West Nile. Infected individuals receive only supportive care to alleviate their symptoms.

How can we protect ourselves?

The principal preventive measures recommended include using insect repellents, fitting protective screens to windows, and eliminating any standing water around the home, which can encourage mosquito breeding.