Herniated Disc: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options, Including Surgical

Disc herniation is a condition that becomes increasingly common with age, as the intervertebral discs gradually degenerate. Spinal overload is an additional contributing factor. Although it can occur anywhere along the spine, it is most frequently found in the lumbar or cervical region.

The problem arises when the fibrous ring on the outer part of the intervertebral disc develops a tear, allowing the inner nucleus pulposus to protrude through this opening. Not all disc herniations produce symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the location of the herniation and the nerves affected.

What symptoms occur

• Back or neck pain
• Pain radiating into the limbs
• Numbness or tingling
• Muscle weakness

In rare cases, severe nerve compression can lead to neurological complications requiring urgent medical evaluation.

If symptoms do not resolve, worsen, or neurological signs appear, a specialist consultation is necessary to establish the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Depending on the doctor's recommendation, treatment is in many cases conservative: medication, temporary adjustment of daily activities, and medical rehabilitation procedures.

When surgery is needed

There are cases in which pain and other symptoms do not respond to conservative treatment, or where a significant neurological deficit develops or worsens. In these situations, the doctor may recommend surgery for disc herniation. Through discectomy, the surgeon removes the portion of the disc pressing on the nerve structures, thereby releasing the affected nerve root.

Today, this procedure can also be performed using modern, minimally invasive techniques that shorten recovery time. One of the most commonly used methods is microdiscectomy, which involves a small incision at the level of the herniated disc. Through this incision, the herniated portion and any disc fragments pressing on the nerve roots are removed. The procedure is performed under microscopic guidance.

The post-operative recovery period is essential for a successful outcome. The patient must follow the doctor's instructions regarding spinal protection and the gradual resumption of physical activity, depending on the type of surgery and individual progress.

Services available at Spitalul Clinic SANADOR

At Spitalul Clinic SANADOR, patients with disc herniation have access to modern spinal surgery procedures, with the surgical approach selected according to the specifics of each case. Operations take place in a theatre equipped with high-performance equipment, including operating microscopes. Excellent outcomes are further supported by the specialists of the Category I Intensive Care Unit, with an extended level of competence.

Patients also benefit from specialist consultations, personalised medical rehabilitation programmes devised by experienced physicians, and advanced imaging investigations, including 3 Tesla MRI.