How molecular imaging helps locate prostate tumours

In prostate cancer, pinpointing the exact location of the disease can play an important role in choosing the most appropriate treatment. Modern imaging technologies now allow tumour cells to be identified based on their specific biological characteristics.

One such method is PSMA PET-CT, which uses a radioactive substance (radiotracer) that binds to PSMA — a protein found in large quantities on the surface of many prostate cancer cells. The PET component of the scan shows the areas where this tracer accumulates, whilst the CT component provides precise anatomical information about the location of these areas. By combining the two techniques, doctors can detect lesions both in the prostate or in the region where it was surgically removed, as well as in the lymph nodes, bones, or other organs, thereby gaining a clear picture of how far the disease has spread.

This investigation is used to stage the disease in certain patients, as well as to identify a possible recurrence when PSA levels begin to rise following completion of the initial treatment. The information obtained can influence clinical decisions regarding radiotherapy, surgery, or systemic treatments. In advanced cases of the disease, identifying PSMA-expressing lesions can also help select patients who are eligible for targeted therapy with lutetium-177.