What is reaction time?
Simple reaction time (simple RT) measures the interval between the appearance of a visual stimulus and a motor response (pressing a button). It is one of the most stable markers of basic cognitive function — measured consistently in neuropsychology for over 150 years (since Donders 1868).
According to Salthouse's theory (1996), the decline in processing speed is the primary cause of many age-related cognitive changes — more so than memory or attention themselves. Reaction time increases naturally by approximately 0.5–1 ms per year after age 40. Over 500 ms at 65–70 years may be a signal worth discussing clinically.